There are mainly ten common diseases of the wrist joint, and they are :
- Carpal tunnel syndrome
- Ulnar tunnel syndrome
- Colle’s fracture
- Osteoarthritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- De quervain’s disease
- Carpal instabilities
- Extensor tenosynovitis
- Ehlers danlos syndrome
- Tuberculosis of wrist
1. Carpal tunnel syndrome :
- The pressure on the median nerve causes carpal tunnel syndrome. On the palm side of the hand, the carpal tunnel is a tiny conduit enclosed by bones and ligaments.
- Numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and arm can occur when the median nerve is crushed.
2. Ulnar tunnel syndrome :
- In this condition ulnar tunnel syndrome affects the wrist.
- It occurs when the ulnar nerve is squeezed as it travels from the wrist to the hand through Guyon’s canal.
- Because of the nerve compression, the patient may experience weakness, tingling, numbness, or pain.
3. Colle’s fracture :
- Colles fractures of the distal radius are highly common extra-articular fractures that develop as a result of a fall onto an outstretched hand.
- They are characterised by a distal radial metaphyseal fracture with dorsal angulation and impaction, but no articular surface involvement.
4. Osteoarthritis :
- Osteoarthritis (OA) is a type of degenerative joint disease that can affect every joint in the body, including the hands.
- Kienböck’s illness can potentially cause osteoarthritis in the wrist. The blood flow to one of the carpal bones, the lunate, is interrupted in Kienböck’s disease, causing the bone to deteriorate and slowly collapse. This collapse can cause alterations and arthritis in the joints surrounding the lunate over time.
5. Rheumatoid arthritis :
- Rheumatoid arthritis is a long-term inflammatory condition that affects more than your joints.
- Inflammation of one or both wrist joints is common in RA, resulting in discomfort and edoema. People may also report joint stiffness, which can limit wrist movement.
- RA is a progressive disease that begins in tiny joints like the fingers and toes and progresses to medium joints like the wrist before spreading to larger joints. While the symptoms may appear moderate at first, they can quickly become excruciating.
- The range of motion and flexibility of the wrist joints might be affected as RA advances. Stiffness and a limited range of motion are common symptoms of the illness.
6. De quervain’s disease :
- The tendons on the thumb side of the wrist are affected by De Quervain’s tenosynovitis, which is a painful ailment.
- If the person has de Quervain’s tenosynovitis, turning the wrist, grasping something, or making a fist will most likely pain.
7. Carpal instabilities :
- Carpal instability is characterised as an injury in which the carpal bones and/or the radioulnar joint lose their usual alignment.
- Because of the loss, the usual equilibrium of the carpal- and radioulnar joints is disrupted, resulting in variations in range of motion.
8. Extensor tenosynovitis :
- Extensor tenosynovitis is a form of inflammation that affects the tendons in the wrist and hand that allow and control hand movements.
- Tendon damage that results in tenosynovitis is very prevalent among sports.
9. Ehlers danlos syndrome :
- Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a collection of hereditary illnesses that affects the connective tissues of the body, particularly the skin, joints, and blood vessel walls.
- Connective tissue is a complex blend of proteins and other substances that gives your body’s underlying structures strength and suppleness.
10. Tuberculosis of wrist :
- The hand and wrist are uncommon tuberculosis (TB) sites, accounting for less than 1% of all skeletal TB cases. TB of the wrist is a substantial cause of morbidity, despite its rarity.
- A delay in diagnosis is a prevalent feature in reports on wrist TB, resulting in lingering stiffness and pain following treatment.